Publications: 2002
|
|
Barkham, M., Rees, A., Stiles, W.B., Hardy, G.E., & Shapiro, D.A. (2002). Dose-effect relations for psychotherapy of mild depression: A quasi-experimental comparison of effects of 2, 8, and 16 sessions. Psychotherapy Research, 12, 463-474. Clients ( N = 105) presenting with mild depression were assigned to receive 2, 8, or 16 sessions of psychotherapy in a quasi-experimental design involving 2 clinical trials. Rates of recovery were estimated as the proportion of each group achieving reliable and clinically significant change at the end of treatment (shortly after the prescribed dose had been administered) and at a follow-up assessment 2 to 3 months later. Results supported the hypothesis that recovery from interpersonal problems typically requires higher doses of psychotherapy than does recovery from symptoms of depression or broader distress.
Keeley, H., Williams, C., & Shapiro, D.A. (2002). United Kingdom survey of accredited cognitive behaviour therapists' attitudes towards and use of structured self-help materials. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 30, 193-203. Self-help materials can be offered to clients/patients either for use alone (unsupported self-help) or to support work with a health care practitioner (supported self-help). Structured self-help materials that use a Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) treatment approach have been shown to be clinically effective. We report a national survey of all 500 cognitive and behavioural psychotherapists registered with the British Association for Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapies, the lead organisation for CBT in the United Kingdom. A total of 265 therapists responded (53%). Self-help materials were used by 88.7 of therapists and were mostly provided as a supplement to individual therapy. Self-help was most frequently used to help patients experiencing depression, anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorder and was largely delivered using paper-based formats. The majority of self-help materials used a CBT approach. Only 36.2% of therapists had been trained in how to use self-help treatments, and those who had received training recommended self-help treatments to more clients/patients per week and rated self-help approaches as being significantly more helpful than those who had not received training.
Paley, G., & Shapiro, D.A. (2002). Lessons from psychotherapy research for psychological interventions for people with schizophrenia. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 75, 5-17. This article argues that psychological interventions for people with schizophrenia could be developed by being informed by research from the wider psychotherapy literature. We specifically argue that research on these interventions has ignored two key themes from this wider literature: first, the contention that differing models of intervention broadly result in similar outcomes, known as the 'equivalent outcomes paradox'; and second, the phenomenon of 'investigator allegiance' whereby the conclusions that may safely be drawn from comparative research are compromised by researchers' unwitting bias. We present evidence indicating that both these themes from the wider literature may be applicable to the literature on psychological interventions for schizophrenia and that schizophrenia treatment research should incorporate some of the lessons already learned in studies of other disorders. We conclude by arguing that psychological interventions for people with schizophrenia should be based on unbiased evidence and that interpretation of the evidence base should not be hindered by dogma or ideology from any quarter.
Shapiro, D.A., & Paley, G. (2002). Invited rejoinder: The continuing potential relevance of equivalence and allegiance to research on psychological treatments of psychosis. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 75 , 375-379. In response to Tarrier and colleagues' critique of our recent paper (Paley & Shapiro, 2002), we note that the equivalent outcomes paradox and investigator allegiance problem remain of considerable potential relevance to research on psychological treatment of psychosis. We note in particular their salience to recent work reported by Tarrier and his colleagues. We also comment that our preparedness to entertain the contributions of diverse treatment models does not entail an atheoretical approach.
Stiles, W.B., Agnew-Davies, R, Barkham, M., Culverwell, A., Goldfried, M.R., Halstead, J., Hardy, G.E., Raue, P.J., Rees, A., & Shapiro, D.A. (2002). Convergent validity of the Agnew Relationship Measure and the Working Alliance Inventory. Psychological Assessment, 14, 209-220. The convergent validity of the Agnew Relationship Measure (ARM) and the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) was assessed in samples drawn from 2 comparative clinical trials of time-limited psychotherapies for depression. In 1 sample, clients ( n = 18) and therapists ( n = 4) completed self-report versions of both measures after every session ( n = 198). In the other sample, clients ( n = 39) and therapists ( n = 6) completed the ARM, and observers subsequently rated selected audiotaped sessions ( n = 78) using the WAI. In both samples, the ARM's core alliance scales (Bond, Partnership, and Confidence) were correlated with the WAI's scales (Bond, Tasks, and Goals) strongly when assessed within client and therapist perspectives and, with some qualifications, moderately when assessed between client, therapist, and observer perspectives, supporting the assumption that the ARM and the WAI measure some of the same core constructs.
|
© Copyright 2004